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application
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a computer program designed for a particular use, such as word
processing (Microsoft Word) or page layout (Quark Xpress)
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artwork
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a process which follows the initial design stage and makes rough ideas into print-ready form
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bitmap
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a grid of pixels or printed dots generated by computer to represent type and images
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blend
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a smooth transition between two colours, also known as a graduated tint
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blind emboss
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impression of an un-inked image onto the back of a sheet which produces a raised or embossed image on the front of the sheet
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CMYK
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cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black); the four process colours which combine together in varying proportions to produce the full colour spectrum
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collating
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gathering together sheets of paper from a book, magazine or brochure and placing them into the correct order
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colour separation
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process by which a continuous tone colour image is separated into the four process colours (CMYK) for print production
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concertina fold
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a method of folding in which each fold opens in the opposite direction to its neighbour, giving a concertina or pleated effect
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crease
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to mechanically press a rule into heavy paper or board to enable it to be folded without cracking
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creep
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phenomenon when middle pages of a folded section extend slightly beyond the outside pages
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crop
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to trim the edges of a picture or page to make it fit or to remove unwanted portions
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CTP
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computer-to-plate; a process of printing directly from a computer onto the plate used by a printing press
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die-cutting
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process of using sharp metal rules on a wooden block to cut out specialised shapes such as pocket folders or unusual shaped flyers
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digital printing
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any printing technology that is capable of producing printed materials directly from a computer file; digital printing has steadily replaced lithography for short runs or for personalised print because of the lower production costs
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dot gain
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a printing defect in which dots print larger than intended, causing
darker colours or tones
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dpi
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dots per inch; a measure of the quality of an image from a scanner or from a printer
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drilling
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drilling of holes in a product which will allow insertion over rings or posts in a binder
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dummy
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a mock-up made to resemble the final printed product and which
uses the proposed grade, weight, finish and colour of paper
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embossing
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relief printing or stamping in which metal dies are used to raise an image above the surface of paper or board
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font
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one of a range of styles/typefaces in which lettering can be produced during the type setting stage, e.g. Times New Roman
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font matching
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a sometimes undesirable process used when a chosen font is not available; the closest possible match is made that sometimes causes reflow of the text or other errors
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FTP
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File Transfer Protocol; it is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet
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GSM
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grams per square metre; paper weight is measured in grams per square metre
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imagesetter
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a device that plots high-resolution bitmaps which have been processed by a RIP and may include type, graphics and photographic images
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import
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to bring a picture or text file into an application ready for editing or design work
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imposition
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positioning pages in a press-ready form so that they will be in the correct numerical sequence after folding
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jog
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to shake a stack of papers, either on a machine or by hand, so that the edges line up; also referred to as knocking-up
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JPEG
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a common standard for compressing image data which was created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group
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kerning
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the adjustment of spacing between certain letter pairs (e.g. A and
V) to obtain a more pleasing appearance
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kiss-cut
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to die-cut but not all the way through the paper; commonly used for peel-off stickers
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lamination
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a thin film coating which is applied to the paper or board to give a more glossy or matt appearance
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lithographic printing
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a printing process based on the principle of the natural aversion of printing water to grease; the areas to be printed receive ink which is then transferred to the paper and the non-printing areas are treated with water to repel the ink
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loose leaf
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a method of binding which allows the insertion and removal of pages for continuous updating
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lpi
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lines per inch; refers to the quality of a halftone screen and is commonly used at exactly half of the dpi of the device or image i.e. 300dpi would equal 150lpi
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metal plate
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a metal sheet coated with a special emulsion which when exposed through a film mask or by CTP process will produce an image; when the plate is loaded onto a printing press it then reproduces this image onto paper using ink
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offset printing
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a method in which the plate or cylinder transfers an ink image to an offset or transfer roller, which then transfers the image to stock
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perfect binding
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a bookbinding method in which pages are glued rather than sewn to the cover; primarily used for paperback books
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point
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a measurement for the size of type, distance between lines and
thickness of rules; one point equals one seventy-second of an inch or 0.3515mm
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progressives
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colour proofs taken at each stage of printing showing each colour printed alone and then superimposed on the preceding colour
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proof
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a representation of the finished print produced for customer inspection and correction of errors prior to mass printing
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RGB
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red, green and blue; RGB is a colour model used for computer monitors and colour video output systems; colour separations for litho printing cannot be made directly from RGB files and need to be converted to CMYK
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RIP
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raster image processor; a computer used to create an electronic bitmap for actual output
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rosette
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the formation created by the dots that make up four-colour images; the dots are not perfectly round and they are turned at angles to each other and resemble the petals of a rose
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saddle stitch
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a binding process in which a pamphlet or booklet is stapled through the middle fold of its sheets using metal wires
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scanning
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the process of converting hard copy into digital data ready for editing and design
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self-cover
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the paper used inside a booklet is the same as that used for the cover and is generally printed on the same press run
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step-up
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a term used to describe the positioning of documents several times onto the same sheet of paper to avoid paper wastage; also known as imposition
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TIFF
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Tagged Image File Format; a widely used format for image/photographic files but it is not suitable for text unless it is created at a very high resolution
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tint
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an area of tone made by a pattern of dots, which lightens the apparent colour of the ink with which it is printed
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trapping
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a slight overlapping between two touching colours that prevents gaps from appearing along the edges of an object because of misalignment or movement on the printing press
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work and tumble
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to print one side of a sheet of paper then turn the sheet over from gripper to back using the opposite gripper edge but the same side guide to print the second side
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work and turn
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to print one side of a sheet of paper then turn the sheet over from left to right and print the second side using the same gripper edge to print the second side
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